"Next, we would like to use it to search for other hidden properties. "This technique of applying an electric field through liquid is also transferable to other materials," says Shimizu. As the radicals are produced in close proximity, because a chemical bond is. The two radicals each have an unpaired electron. The reaction of a molecule R-R can form two radicals and is written generically as R-R R. These are usually reactions in which two radicals are produced. Nanoscale, electrically controlled magnetism could one day enable electrical reading and writing of computer memories at a fraction of conventional energy consumption levels. Yes, magnetic fields can affect chemical reactions. Magnetically encoded data is used in almost every computer system, but the use of magnetic fields to store and retrieve data consumes a great deal of power. Scientists believe that the ability to electrically control magnetism will be crucial for developing future low-power magnetic memories. "This means that the initially non-magnetic thin film of platinum on the aluminum oxide substrate behaves like a magnetic material under the influence of an electric field," says Shimizu. Amongst other spinels, iron aluminium oxide (FeAl 2 O 4) exhibits exceptional chemical and physical properties. The anomalous Hall effect refers to an additional Hall voltage that only arises in materials with magnetic properties. The conventional Hall effect describes the formation of a measurable electric field known as the Hall voltage when electrons travelling in a magnetic field between two electrodes are deflected from their path, which leads to a build-up of electrical charge on one side of the device.
The insulating layer is so thin that electrons can tunnel through the barrier if a bias voltage is applied between the two metal electrodes. After detailed analysis, the team demonstrated that this voltage modulation was the result of a phenomenon known as the anomalous Hall effect. A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) consists of two layers of magnetic metal, such as cobalt-iron, separated by an ultrathin layer of insulator, typically aluminum oxide with a thickness of about 1 nm. Shimizu and his colleagues observed that the platinum sheet's resistance dropped significantly when exposed to the external electric field, accompanied by a distinct and pronounced Hall voltage fluctuation. To test this possibility, Shimizu's team fabricated a simple device consisting of a thin film of platinum just a few nanometers thick on an aluminum oxide substrate, and applied an external electric field to it using a conductive fluid (Fig. Platinum is nearly, but not quite, ferromagnetic like iron, suggesting that it might be possible to induce magnetic properties using external stimuli such as an electric field.
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